Classical period (400–1600) This period is often known as the golden age of Indian Mathematics. This period saw mathematicians such as Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara I, Mahavira, Bhaskara II, Madhava of Sangamagrama and Nilakantha Somayaji give broader and clearer shape to many branches of mathematics.

Around 3000 BCE, the Sumerians developed a numerical system based on the sexagesimal system (base 60), which is still in use for measuring time (seconds, minutes, and degrees in a circle) today. They also made strides in geometry, algebra, and arithmetic.

Archimedes is widely regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians in history, earning him the title of the "Father of Mathematics." Born in Syracuse, Sicily, in 287 BC, Archimedes was a polymath who made significant contributions to a wide range of fields, including mathematics, physics, engineering, and astronomy.

It gives us a way to understand patterns, to quantify relationships, and to predict the future. Math helps us understand the world — and we use the world to understand math. The world is interconnected. Everyday math shows these connections and possibilities.