Reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) encompasses five key issues: categories of membership, the question of the veto held by the five permanent members, regional representation, the size of an enlarged Council and its working methods, and the Security Council-General Assembly relationship.

Rise in veto use Since the UN's inception, vetoes have been used 320 times. Vetoes have been used 13 times since the General Assembly adopted a resolution designed to foster greater cooperation with the Security Council following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in early 2022.

The L. 69 Group of Developing Countries is a cross regional grouping of 32 developing countries from Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia and the Pacific, that is focused on achieving lasting and comprehensive reforms of the UN Security Council.

The proposal suggests increasing the Council's membership from 15 to 25-26, adding six permanent and four or five non-permanent members. The G4 model offers flexibility on the veto issue and emphasizes addressing the "glaring under-representation and un-representation" of key regions.